基于模糊神经算法的区域地下水盐分动态预测

为探讨前馈型人工神经网络BP-ANN(back propagation artificial neural network)和模糊神经NF(neuro-fuzzy)2种神经网络算法在区域地下水盐分动态预测中的应用过程与效果,首先通过经典统计分析确定区域地下水盐分动态的主要驱动因子以及可用的模型输入因子组合,采用"试错法"确定神经网络模型的最优结构,进而开展地下水盐分中长期动态的有效模拟预测。结果表明,在长江河口寅阳和大兴地区以降水动态为单输入的NF(5-gbellmf-160)和以降水与内河水盐分动态为双输入的NF(4-gaussmf-100)为最优预测模型。研究表明神经网络模型对地下水盐分动态的预测精度优于常规线性模型,其中,NF、BP-ANN、线性模型在寅阳测点的预测相关系数分别为0.565、0.445、0.261,在大兴测点的预测相关系数分别为0.886、0.784、0.543。与BP-ANN、线性模型相比,基于模糊神经算法的NF模型具有更好的误差纠错和仿真能力,在寅阳和大兴测点的预测误差分别降低了30%以上和50%以上。相关研究结果在区域水盐动态科学预警研究领域有较好地应用前景。     

Hilbert空间中框架的算子扰动稳定性研究

讨论了Hilbert空间中的Bessel列在单个算子或一列算子扰动下的稳定性,以及Hilbert空间中的框架在单个算子或一列算子或Bessel列与算子列的共同扰动下的稳定性.     

南方贮木场原木库存线性随机最优反馈控制系统

本文根据贮木场原木库存生产的随机性和动态性,用CAR模型自动辨识机辨识上贮木场原木库存动态系统的阶,时滞和参数,建立系统的状态方程,在此基础对库存动态进行kalman滤波和预报,并进行了最优控制。     

长期施肥对渭北旱塬麦田土壤线虫群落特征的影响

为探究长期定位施肥对黄土高原渭北旱塬麦田土壤线虫群落的影响,以长武国家黄土高原农业生态试验站的长期定位试验（1984—2018年）为平台,调查裸地（L）以及不施肥（CK）、施氮磷肥（NP）、单施有机肥（M）、氮磷肥配施有机肥（MNP）的小麦田土壤线虫群落数量、组成结构和生态功能指数,并分析其与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明：（1）小麦田土壤线虫数量显著高于裸地,而CK、M和MNP处理使小麦田中土壤线虫数量比NP处理提高了31.63%~56.20%;（2）施肥减缓了长期种植小麦导致的食细菌线虫（特别是头叶属）相对丰度的下降,单施有机肥的处理（M）植食性线虫相对丰度显著降低,同时,相比于CK,施用有机肥的M和MNP处理杂食/捕食线虫相对丰度分别增加了18.4%和8.24%,表明有机肥对杂食/捕食线虫的促进作用;（3）长期施肥处理土壤线虫Shannon多样性指数（H）和指示土壤健康状况的瓦斯乐卡指数（WI）分别为1.80~2.19和0.36~0.68,相较于裸地（H=2.36;WI=1.57）有所下降,但M和MNP处理的线虫成熟度指数（MI）和结构指数（SI）均高于其他处理（L、CK和NP处理）,表明施用有机肥有助于土壤食物网维持复杂的结构和成熟稳定的状态;（4）不同施肥措施下土壤全氮、有机碳、微生物生物量碳和氮以及可溶性碳的变化是影响土壤线虫数量和群落特征的重要环境因素。     

Analysis of series of variety trials with perennial crops

Field trials with perennial crops give rise to repeated measurements taken on the same plot on several occasions. It is important to account for serial correlation among repeated measurements in such trials. This study illustrates the use of mixed models for this purpose. We consider the analysis of trials conducted at several locations and the combination of trials with different starting years. A key issue in the analysis is the distinction between effects of calendar years, which are associated with external environmental variation, and harvest years, which represent internal yield formation processes of the perennial crop. Two methods of two‐stage analysis are compared with single‐stage analysis. It is shown that results of two‐stage analysis are very similar to those of single‐stage analysis, if serial correlation is properly taken into account. Program code for the MIXED procedure of the SAS system is given in an Appendix S1 for all considered cases.     

车用汽油长期储存后的使用

汽油在长途运输，长期储存及多次换装过程中。个别质量指标会发生变化，如汽油的馏程发生变化，辛烷值降低及实际胶质含量增多等，在使用中应特别注意，汽油在长期储存过程中应注意１减少轻组分的蒸发和延缓氧化变质；２．饱和储存，减少气体空间；３．避免与铜或其它金属接触；４．防止不杂对油品的污染；５．坚持储存化验，建立汽油质量档案。     

On farm observations to increase genetic gain in breeding schemes for village poultry production – A simulation study

To improve genetic gain of breeding programs for village poultry production, breeding schemes with observations obtained in village production systems using individual (VIO) and group recording (VGO) were examined under different levels of genotype-by-environment-interactions (GxE). GxE was modeled by varying the correlation between traits measured in the breeding station and village environments for bodyweight (r_{g_BW}) and egg production (r_{g_EP}). Relative and absolute genetic gains obtained from VIO and VGO were used for comparison between the schemes. Results showed that village observations significantly improved genetic gains compared to the scheme without birds tested in the village. The improvement was only slightly larger with individual observations than with group observations. Higher r_{g_BW} and r_{g_EP} led to lower relative genetic gain, but a higher absolute gain of VIO and VGO. It is recommended to apply a breeding scheme using group recording of village performance when strong GxE in breeding for village poultry is expected.     

In ovo injection of flavanone on bone quality characteristics,biochemical parameters and antioxidant enzyme status of blood in daily chicks

In ovo injection (IOI) of Naringin (N), flavanone was examined on post‐hatch blood biochemical parameters, antioxidant status and bone characteristics. Fertile eggs (n = 700) were distributed in seven groups with 100 eggs. On 14th and 17.5th days of incubation, four groups were injected using 15 or 30 mg active ingredient levels of naringin/0.5 ml saline/egg, low and high level, into amnion sac. Controls include sham (injected normal saline, 0.5 ml/egg on day 14 and 17.5th) and un‐injected group. IOI of high naringin and saline on 14th day of incubation resulted in lower hatchability and then higher mortality in last week of embryonic life. On day hatch, high levels of injected groups more body weight compared to the control. Chick length was increased at high levels of naringin on day 17.5th compared to control and saline injected. Quality traits of bones were improved in naringin‐injected groups compared to control. IOI of naringin influenced thyroid hormones on 14th day of incubation. Naringin groups influenced the Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Calcium (Ca), superoxide dismutase (SOD), blood biochemical and lipids. Totally, amniotic IOI of naringin in last days of developing embryo may be useful for hatched chick, development of leg long bone or effect on biochemical metabolites by levels of flavanone that it needs more research.     

Impact of climate change on the small mammal community of the Yukon boreal forest

Long‐term monitoring is critical to determine the stability and sustainability of wildlife populations, and if change has occurred, why. We have followed population density changes in the small mammal community in the boreal forest of the southern Yukon for 46 years with density estimates by live trapping on 3–5 unmanipulated grids in spring and autumn. This community consists of 10 species and was responsible for 9% of the energy flow in the herbivore component of this ecosystem from 1986 to 1996, but this increased to 38% from 2003 to 2014. Small mammals, although small in size, are large in the transfer of energy from plants to predators and decomposers. Four species form the bulk of the biomass. There was a shift in the dominant species from the 1970s to the 2000s, with Myodes rutilus increasing in relative abundance by 22% and Peromyscus maniculatus decreasing by 22%. From 2007 to 2018, Myodes comprised 63% of the catch, Peromyscus 20%, and Microtus species 17%. Possible causes of these changes involve climate change, which is increasing primary production in this boreal forest, and an associated increase in the abundance of 3 rodent predators, marten (Martes americana), ermine (Mustela ermine) and coyotes (Canis latrans). Following and understanding these and potential future changes will require long‐term monitoring studies on a large scale to measure metapopulation dynamics. The small mammal community in northern Canada is being affected by climate change and cannot remain stable. Changes will be critically dependent on food–web interactions that are species‐specific.     

凸轮机构动力学模型的改进及动力分析

本文考虑从动件杆系刚度是凸轮转角的函数，建立了凸轮机构的变系数动力学模型，用摄动方法求出了动件的运动规律，它与试验结果是一致的。本文为凸轮轮廓的设计提供了一种新的动力学分析方法。